RESUMO
Elderly patients generally use several types of medication, some of which may cause oral side effects. Aim: To investigate the oral side effects caused by medication in an elderly sample. Methods: Three hundred patients were interviewed about their use of medication and were divided in two groups: institutionalized (n=150) and community-dwelling (n=150) elderly. Results: The most used drugs were antihypertensives (53%) for community-dwelling elders and antiulceratives (76%) for the institutionalized ones. The more prevalent side effects were taste alterations that occurred in 19%, dry mouth in 17% and teeth staining in 2%. Conclusions: A high prevalence of oral side effects from medications used by the elderly was found in this study. The health professionals should be aware of the possible side effects caused by prescribed medications.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Xerostomia , Idoso , Interações MedicamentosasRESUMO
O estudo avaliou a atividade antimicrobiana de enxaguatórios bucais sobre Candida albicans. Vinte e uma amostras clínicas e uma padrão de C. albicans (ATCC 18804) foram testadas frente à enxaguatórios à base de peróxido de hidrogênio 1,5% e tintura de malva. Solução de gluconato de clorexidina 0,12% foi utilizada como controle positivo e foram obtidos valores para máxima diluição inibitória (MDI) e máxima diluição fungicida (MDF). Foram obtidas diluições seriadas dos produtos (50% a 0,02%), e adicionadas 100μL de suspensão de cada cepa e foram incubadas a 37°C/24h, e a MDI determinada. As amostras foram semeadas em ágar Sabouraud para determinação da MDF. Para a solução à base de peróxido de hidrogênio a MDI=0,78% para 86,35% das amostras e MDF=3,1% para 77,27% das amostras. Para a solução à base de gluconato de clorexidina, a MDI foi de 0,2% e 0,1% para 72,7% das amostras e MDF foi de 1,56% e 0,78% para 90,9% das amostras. Para a solução à base de tintura de malva a MDI foi de 1,56% e 0,78% para 72,72% das amostras e não houve atividade fungicida para 54,54% das amostras. A análise estatística (ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis, α=5%) mostrou diferenças significativas entre os valores médios de MDI (p=0,000) e de MDF (p=0,003). Concluiu-se que a solução à base de gluconato de clorexidina apresentou melhor atividade antimicrobiana sobre C. albicans, seguida pela solução à base de peróxido de hidrogênio. A solução à base de tintura de malva não apresentou atividade fungicida sobre a maioria das cepas de C. albicans.
The study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of mouthrinses on Candida albicans. Twenty-one clinical isolates and one reference strain of C. albicans (ATCC 18804) were tested with 1.5% hydrogen peroxide and malva tincture based mouthrinses. Chlorhexidine gluconate solution (0.12%) was included as positive control and values of maximum inhibitory dilution (MID) and maximum fungicide dilution (MFD) values were obtained. Serial dilutions of the products were obtained, from 50% to 0.02%, and added 100μL of suspension of each strain that were incubated at 37°C for 24h, and the MID was determinated. Samples were plated in Sabouraud agar for the determination of MFD. Results obtained for hydrogen peroxide-based solution was 0.78% for MID to most of the isolates (86.35%) and MFD was 3.1% for 77.27% of the samples. For chlorhexidine-based solution, MID was 0.2% and 0.1% for most of the isolates (72.7%) and MFD was 1.56% and 0.78% for 90.9% of the strains. For malva tincture-based solution, MID values were between 1.56% and 0.78% for 72.72% of the isolates and no fungicide activity for 54.54% of the isolates was observed. Statistical analyses of the results (ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis, α=5%) showed significant differences among the mean values of MID (p=0.000) and of MFD (p=0.003). It could be concluded that chlorhexidine gluconate-based solution showed the best antimicrobial activity on C. albicans, followed by hydrogen peroxide-based solution. Malva tincture-based solution did not show fungicide activity on most of the C. albicans isolates tested.
